Protein synthesis is a fundamental cellular process that enables the production of proteins, the key molecules responsible for carrying out essential functions within living organisms. It involves the conversion of genetic information encoded in DNA into functional proteins. In this…
The genetic code is the fundamental language that governs protein synthesis and enables the translation of genetic information into functional proteins. It is a set of rules that dictate the correspondence between specific sequences of nucleotides in DNA or RNA…
Mutation is the process by which changes occur in the DNA sequence of an organism’s genome. These changes can have a significant impact on the genetic information and can arise from various sources, including errors during DNA replication, exposure to…
DNA replication is a fundamental process that allows living organisms to faithfully transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. It is the mechanism by which DNA molecules are duplicated, ensuring the accurate replication of the genetic code. In…
DNA is a remarkable molecule that carries the genetic instructions necessary for the development, functioning, and survival of all living organisms. However, DNA is not immune to damage caused by various sources, such as chemical agents, radiation, and errors during…
Clinical chemistry, also known as chemical pathology or clinical biochemistry, is a branch of laboratory medicine that deals with the analysis of bodily fluids and tissues to assess a patient’s health and diagnose diseases. It utilizes a wide range of…
Kidney function tests are a group of laboratory tests that assess the health and function of the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood, maintaining electrolyte balance, and regulating blood…
URINE ANALYSIS: Urinalysis is a diagnostic test that examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine. It provides valuable information about the health and function of the urinary system, as well as indications of systemic diseases. Urinalysis plays a…
The test for NPN constituents (Non-Protein Nitrogen) is a diagnostic examination that measures the levels of nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood. These compounds include urea, creatinine, uric acid, and ammonium ions, which are considered waste products resulting from normal metabolic…
